Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
FTIR collects a spectrum from an analysed area, which can be compared to reference spectra of known materials. It can be used with complementary techniques such as XRF in close range, or VIS-NIR and SWIR reflectance spectral imaging at remote range, for a more comprehensive identification of a material.​
The ISAAC mobile lab is equipped with a suite of FTIR spectrometers that allow both point analysis and mapping at micro and macro-level. Our systems enable the analysis in various modes such as external reflectance, transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR), depending on the needs of each project.
​
Micro FTIR spectroscopy and mapping using the standalone LUMOS II FTIR microscope. Data collection can be performed in various modes (i.e. external reflection, transmission or Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR). As the FTIR spectrometer is integrated, the microscope is easily movable to any location to assist in analysing organic and inorganic materials at the microscale. The extensive working distance allows samples and objects up to about 4 cm thick to be analysed.
​
The ISAAC lab is also equipped with a commercial small footprint Bruker Alpha FTIR spectrometer that can be operated in external reflection mode thus enabling non-invasive and non-destructive measurements of FTIR spectra in a large spectral range (from short wave IR to mid IR).​​​​

The Bruker Alpha FTIR collecting spectra on botanical drawings at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew
applications of ftir
-
Identification of organic and inorganic materials;
-
Assistance in pigment and binding media identification
-
Analysis of degradation products
isaac instrumentation
System
Alpha
​​​
LUMOS II
LUMOS II
LUMOS II
​
​
LUMOS II
Developer
Bruker
​​​
Bruker
Bruker
Bruker
​
​
Bruker
Modality
External Reflection​​
External Reflection
Transmission
ATR Germanium large accessory (2mm)
ATR Germanium micro tip (100µm)
Spectral
Range *
7000 – 400 cm-1
6000 – 675 cm-1
6000 – 675 cm-1
6000 – 675 cm-1
​
​
6000 – 675 cm-1
Working
Distance
5- 20 mm
30 mm
30 mm
Contact
​
​
Contact
Service
MOLAB/
FIXLAB
FIXLAB
FIXLAB
FIXLAB
​
​
FIXLAB
* The spectral range of the LUMOS II depends on the cooling system used. The range is 6000 – 675 cm-1​ when thermoelectrically cooled, and 6000 – 600 cm-1​ when Liquid Nitrogen cooled.
example heritage science projects
selected publications
This is a selection of our FTIR publications. Our full publication list can be found here.
Liang, H., Butler, L., Kogou, S., Burke, M., Lee, L., Pereira Pardo, L., Angelova, L., France, F. & McCarthy, B. (2024). From Lima to Canton and Beyond: Mobile and Digital Research Infrastructure for Closing the Gap Between Resource-rich and Resource-poor Organisations. Studies in Conservation, 69(sup1), 198–207. Contributions to the Lima Congress 2024.Sustainable Solutions for Conservation: New Strategies for New Times. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2024.2336801
​
​Wijsman, S., Neate, S., Kogou, S., Liang, H., 2018. Uncovering the Oppenheimer Siddur: using Scientific Analysis to Reveal the Production Process of a Medieval Illuminated Hebrew Manuscript. Heritage Science 6, 15.
​
Kogou, S., Neate, S., Coveney, C., Miles, A., Boocock, D., Burgio, L., Cheung, C.S. and Liang, H., 2016. The Origins of The Selden Map Of China: Scientific Analysis of the Painting Materials and Techniques Using a Holistic Approach. Heritage Science, 4, 18.
​​​​​​​
